Caleb Antill represented Australia at the 2016 World Rowing U23 Championships in the U23 Men's Quadruple Scull. The Canberra-local claimed gold alongside Tom Schramko, Luke Letcher and Rob Black and the following year was selected to join the Reinhold Batschi Men's National Training Centre. Antill, having not been selected for the Senior Team for 2017, was selected to represent Australia in the U23 Men's Single Scull at the 2017 World Rowing U23 Championships. Antill finished sixth overall, and upon his return to Canberra was selected as the Senior Men's Sculling reserve for the 2017 World Rowing Championships. In 2018, Antill was selected to race in the Men's Quadruple Scull that competed at the World Rowing Cups 2 and 3 as well as the World Rowing Championships. In 2019, he was selected into the same crew for the World Rowing Cups. In 2021, he joined Luke Letcher, Jack Cleary and Cameron Girdlestone racing in the Australian Men's Quadruple Scull that won Bronze at the rescheduled Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. In 2022, Antill moved into the Men's Double with Jack Cleary and had a dead heat to share the Bronze Medal at World Cup 2 in Poznan, Poland.

During the July 2022 World Cup III regatta held in Lucerne, Switzerland, Antill combined with A.R.T. Men’s Single-Scull reserve - David Bartholot – in the Double Scull event to win a Silver-Medal.

Barthlot and Antill raced as the Men’s Double Scull at the 2022 World Championships held in in Račice, Czech Republic.  The crew qualified for the A Final and won a Bronze Medal.